After more than three years being offline for maintenance and upgrades, the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator has restarted today (22 April) to begin investigating theories that could change our understanding of physics.

At around 12:16 pm Central European Summer Time, two beams of protons circulated in opposite directions around the Large Hadron Collider’s (LHC) 27km ring near Geneva, Switzerland. The collider is run by CERN, the European organisation for nuclear research.

“These beams circulated at injection energy and contained a relatively small number of protons. High-intensity, high-energy collisions are a couple of months away,” CERN head of beams department Rhodri Jones said. “But first beams represent the successful restart of the accelerator after all the hard work of the long shutdown.”

The return of the collider is an exciting time for physics. In 2012, scientists used the LHC to discover the long-predicted Higgs boson, also known as the ‘God particle’.

#BehindTheScenes from CERN Control Centre, today 22 April 2022 in preparation for #restartingLHC

Stay tuned for more! pic.twitter.com/LV6C6gm9fr

— CERN (@CERN) April 22, 2022

Over the last three years, CERN has been working to upgrade its machines and facilities to take more precise measurements than ever.

CERN director for accelerators and technology Mike Lamont said: “The LHC itself has undergone an extensive consolidation programme and will now operate at an even higher energy and, thanks to major improvements in the injector complex, it will deliver significantly more data to the upgraded LHC experiments.”

According to CERN, two upcoming experiments called Atlas and CMS should receive more collisions during their physics runs than in the two previous physics runs combined.

Alice, a specialised detector for studying heavy-ion collisions, is expected to record fifty times more recorded collisions after its major upgrade, while the LHCb experiment should see its collision count increase by a factor of three.

CERN scientists believe the immense number of expected collisions will let them study the Higgs boson in greater detail than ever before putting the standard model of particle physics to the test.

The LHC has a lot of exciting new theories to investigate since it went offline for upgrades. a study measuring the mass of the W boson published in the journal Science on 7 April has scientists questioning the foundations of the standard model. In this study, scientists found the W boson to be significantly heavier than expected.

Last year, new evidence from Fermilab suggested that a tiny subatomic particle called muon could break the known laws of physics, hinting at the existence of a fifth force of nature.

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